The amygdala has been identified as a key region in the brain’s threat circuitry in both rodent and human lesion studies. Unlike instrumental aggression, reactive aggression is usually associated with anger. Reactive aggression is often defined as response to perceived social threat, provocation, frustration, or rejection. Particularly female ASPD patients could benefit from OT in the treatment of reactive aggression. These findings suggest that OT differentially modulates the amygdala following social threatening or provoking cues in dependence of psychopathology (ASPD vs. There was also a trend that OT effects were generally larger in women than in men. We found OT to attenuate right amygdala hyperactivity to angry faces in participants with ASPD to such an extent that the intensity of amygdala activity in the ASPD group in the OT condition decreased to the level of amygdala activity in the PLC condition in the HC group. Participants were exposed to an emotion classification task (fearful, angry, and happy faces) after receiving an intranasal dose (24 IU) of synthetic OT or PLC. To address the question whether OT can normalize amygdala hyperreactivity to emotional faces, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment with 20 men and 18 women with ASPD and 20 male and 20 female healthy control (HC) participants in a double-blind, randomized, placebo (PLC)-controlled within-subject design. One example is the antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) which has so far only been studied in limited numbers. An increased amygdala reactivity to angry faces has been reported in aggression-prone individuals and the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) could dampen anger-related amygdala reactivity in a number of mental disorders. The amygdala is a key region in current neurocircuitry models of reactive aggression as it is crucially involved in detecting social threat and provocation.
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