![]() ![]() Historical evidence suggests that water treatment was recognized and practiced by ancient civilizations. With recent technological advancements, oceans and saltwater seas have also been used as alternative water sources for drinking and domestic use. In general, these resources can be classified as groundwater or surface water and commonly include underground aquifers, creeks, streams, rivers, and lakes. Most communities rely on natural bodies of water as intake sources for water purification and for day-to-day use. Water purification takes place on scales from the large (e.g., for an entire city) to the small (e.g., for individual households). The purification procedure reduces the concentration of contaminants such as suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, and fungi. Water purification also meets the needs of medical, pharmacological, chemical, and industrial applications for clean and potable water. One major purpose of water purification is to provide clean drinking water. That process also includes distillation (the conversion of a liquid into vapour to condense it back to liquid form) and deionization ( ion removal through the extraction of dissolved salts). Water purification, process by which undesired chemical compounds, organic and inorganic materials, and biological contaminants are removed from water.
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